Bringing a cat into your home is a joyful commitment, and part of caring for them involves protecting them from preventable illnesses. Vaccinations are one of the most effective tools available to keep cats healthy, whether they prefer lounging indoors or exploring outdoors.
This UK-focused guide breaks down how vaccines work, the types your cat may need, and what to expect throughout their life.
How Do Vaccines Protect Cats?
Vaccines work by exposing the immune system to a safe version of a virus or bacterium. This exposure does not cause the disease but helps the body learn how to defend itself. If your cat encounters the real infection later, their immune system can respond quickly, often preventing serious illness.
Many cat owners worry that vaccines might overwhelm their pet, but this is a common misconception. Modern veterinary vaccines are designed to be safe, effective and tailored to feline biology. Minor side effects such as mild tiredness are normal and usually short-lived.
Kitten Vaccination Timeline
Kittens need their first vaccinations early because their natural immunity from their mother fades quickly. In the UK, the typical schedule is:
- First vaccination: 8–9 weeks old
- Second vaccination: 3–4 weeks later
- Booster vaccinations: annually or as advised by your vet
If you adopt a kitten, always request their vaccination history. If it is incomplete or unknown, your vet will create a safe catch-up plan.
Core Vaccines: Recommended for Every Cat
Core vaccines protect cats from the most widespread and dangerous diseases. Even indoor cats should receive these, as illnesses can spread through the air, on clothing or during unexpected escapes.
1. Feline Panleukopenia (FPV)
A highly contagious and often fatal viral disease. Symptoms can include fever, digestive distress, dehydration and sudden collapse. FPV spreads easily and survives in the environment for months, making vaccination essential.
2. Feline Herpesvirus (FHV-1)
A major cause of cat flu. Symptoms include nasal discharge, sneezing, fever and eye inflammation. Once infected, cats may carry the virus for life and experience flare-ups during stress.
3. Feline Calicivirus (FCV)
Another leading cause of cat flu, which can also lead to painful mouth ulcers, loss of appetite, fever and, in rare cases, severe systemic illness.
4. Rabies (specific regions or travel requirements)
While rabies is not present in the UK, vaccination is legally required for cats travelling abroad, including under the Pet Travel Scheme. If you plan to travel with your cat, speak to your vet well in advance.
Non-Core Vaccines: Based on Lifestyle and Risk
These vaccines are not needed for every cat, but your vet may recommend them depending on exposure and environment.
Feline Leukaemia Virus (FeLV)
Strongly recommended for kittens, outdoor cats and multi-cat households. FeLV can cause immune system suppression, anaemia and cancer. It spreads through close contact, grooming or shared bowls.
Bordetella bronchiseptica
Typically recommended for cats living in groups, visiting catteries or spending time in shelters. This bacterium causes respiratory illness and spreads quickly in communal settings.
Your vet will consider your cat’s age, health, lifestyle, contact with other animals and household dynamics before making a tailored vaccination plan.
Indoor Cats vs Outdoor Cats: Do They Need Different Vaccines?
Some owners believe indoor cats do not need vaccinations, but this is untrue.
Indoor cats still benefit from core vaccines because:
- Some viruses travel through the air
- Humans can unknowingly bring viruses inside
- Cats may escape through open doors or windows
- Boarding facilities typically require vaccinations
Outdoor cats face higher exposure to other animals, wildlife and shared environments, so they often require additional protection such as FeLV.
Keeping Your Cat Healthy Beyond Vaccines
Vaccinations are one part of complete feline healthcare. For full protection:
- Schedule annual vet check-ups
- Maintain parasite control (fleas, ticks, worms)
- Offer a balanced diet
- Use a clean, low-dust litter such as Pacha Litter to support respiratory health
- Monitor behaviour and appetite for any changes
Good daily care helps make vaccines even more effective in supporting lifelong wellbeing.
Common Myths About Cat Vaccinations
“My cat is too old for vaccines.”
Senior cats still benefit from immunity support. Your vet may adjust the schedule, but boosters remain important.
“Indoor cats can skip vaccinations.”
Indoor cats are not risk-free. Core diseases can still reach them.
“Vaccines will make my cat seriously ill.”
Serious reactions are extremely rare. Most cats experience mild sleepiness at most.
Final Thoughts: Vaccinations Are a Vital Part of Cat Care
Cat vaccinations are one of the simplest and most effective ways to protect your pet from preventable diseases. Whether you are caring for a brand-new kitten or maintaining an adult cat’s health, following a proper vaccination schedule is essential.
If you are ever unsure which vaccines your cat needs, your vet can tailor a plan to suit their age, lifestyle and health.
